acetabulum:
A fossa located in the hip joint which articulates with the head of the femur. The femur is attached to the fossa by the round ligament.

skeleton:
The bones found in the limbs (legs), such as the humerus, radius, and ulna.

articular cartilage:
The cartilage that covers the articular surfaces (epiphysis) of bones forming synovial joints.

articulation:
A place is where the articular surfaces of two bones meet.

axial skeleton:
The portion of the skeleton associated with the longitudinal axis of the body, consisting of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.

canal:
A tubular, narrow passage, such as the spinal canal.

canaliculi:
A small, narrow passage or canal found in bone. Bone cells (osteocytes) communicate with each other using canaliculi.

center of ossification:
Areas of ossification in cartilagenous models of bone in the fetus and neonate, often indicating bone growth.

condyle:
A rounded prominence commonly associated with the articular surface of bones.

cortex:
The outer surface of long bones. The bony cortex normally surround the medulla, a hollow area in the shaft (diaphysis).

crest:
A ridge of bone projecting from a promence which gradually blends in with the diaphysis.

diaphysis:
The bony shaft of a long bone. The diaphysis normally surrounds the hollow medulary cavity, which my contain bone marrow.

endosteum:
The lining that surround the medullary cavity of a long bone and covering the inner surface of the cortex.

epicondyle:
A bony prominence located between the condyle and diaphysis of a long bone, often on the medial and lateral surfaces of the bone.

epiphysis:
The expanded ends of long bones that articulates with other bones to form joints.

epiphyseal plate:
The area for bone growth, in length, for long bones. This cartilagenous area is located at the junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis. In mature long bones, the epiphyseal plate is represented as a calcified line.

foramen:
A hole in a bone, such as the vertebral foramen which contains the spinal cord.

fossa:
A depression on the surface of a bone, such as the olecranon fossa of the humerus.

head:
The proximal end of a long bone, such as the head of the femur.

heterotopic skeleton:
The visceral portion of the skeleton. Bony tissue is embedded into soft tissue, such as the os penis of the dog.

long bone:
Bones commonly found in the appendicular skeleton, consisting of a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

medulla:
The hollow centerof the diaphysis of long bones. Bone marrow is often found within in this cavity.

osteoblast:
Bone cells that form new bone.

osteoclast:
Bone cells that remodel (degrade) bone.

osteocyte:
Cells found within mature bone.

periosteum:
Connective tissue surrounding the outside of bones, except for the articular surfaces.

protuberance:
A bony projection on the surface of a bone.

ramus:
A branch or major projection from a bone. The ramus of the mandible projects dorsally from the caudal surface of the mandible.

sesamoid:
Small cuboidal shaped bones associated with tendons and ligaments. These bone reduce wear-and-tear on the tendons and as they pass over a articulation or prominence.

spine:
Backbone. The vertebral column.

spinous process:
A thin projection from the surface of a bone. Vertebrae and the scapula have spinous process.

trochlea:
Rounded portions of the articular surface. The distal articular surface of the femus has trohlea.

transverse process:
Lateral projection from the body of vertebrae.

trochanter:
Broad flat prominence just lateral and medial to the proximal articular surface of the femur.

tuberosity:
Prominent bony projections on long bone, often the sites of muscular attachment.

tubercle:
A small, nodular bony projection often found on long bones.

wing:
Flat, lateral bony projections from bones; the second cervical vertebra (atlas) has lateral projecting wings.